The Importance of Mastering English

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Good afternoon. My name is Rismadilla Ulfah. I am a student of faculty of communication. This is my second year at Bachelor and I am currently studying primary education. Ladies and Gentlemen, Before I begin my speech I would like to respect, thank and acknowledge the lord of the world, the only one Allah SWT, to given us such deeply enjoyable, particularly faith and healthy comfort, hence, we could attend here in a good situation. To our beloved prophet Muhammad SAW who has taught us knowledge in the world.He also brought us from darkness to the brightness, from stupidity to cleverness. To our lecture who has given such a great opportunity for me to stand here and let me speak out my speech in front of all friends who attend today. And also the last but no least to all of my beloved friends. Thank you for coming. Ladies and Gentlemen, In this speech I will be talking to you about the necessity and importance of mastering English. As we know, English has become the universal language since many years ago.It is because English has the most vocabulary than any other language. English upgraded about 8. 500 vocabularies per year. Up till now English has been the first or second language to people around the world. Many people realized that English has the main role to people who wants to communicate with others in other country. But unfortunately not all of us realize that we need to communicate with the world. Ladies and Gentlemen, Nowadays Indonesian participate many international events. It is cannot be done if we don’t communicate with the universal language.As a student of communication, me and all of my friends agree that English has to be mastering by people who wants to wider their space of communication. It is because the world has become more modern. Internet has created to connect each other in a different countries to feel as close as it can. Mass media and social networks also help us to find pe ople, make friends or even business partner with someone we don’t know first. But since this world has so many countries in different island with different language, we cannot efuse we need a language that could connect us to the others. If we don’t try to learn English, it is such a waste because as people we need to communicate with others. That is means if we don’t mastering English, it would limit us to stay connected to the world. Ladies and Gentlemen, Speak is all of people’s skill. There’s not a single person that cannot speak in English. Although sometimes grammar and tenses could bother us but I think, as long as your partner of conversation understand what you mean it will be alright.The main point is the message that you like to deliver is delivered clearly. But sometimes people underastimate by learning English indonesian people would not have national spirit. I think it is a shallow reason because respect our Bahasa and learning Englis h is a different occasion. As a good communicator we have to targeting who we want to receive our message to. If we are going to tell people in a same language, using Bahasa is the proper way to say it. But if we want the entire world understanding our message, English indeed the right language that we’d like to use.If we were just using Bahasa, the message definitely couldn’t be delivered well. The noise is in the wrong way of telling the message. Key of communication is language. Nothing you cannot do if you mastering the universal language, English. It will help your educational progress, carrier, or even making friends. Even some people know how to learn it in easy way such us listening to songs, watching movies or any other fun way. That will helps you to liking English even more. Nothing is too late if we try hard. Thank you for all your attention. Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh

Statement of Purpose Physiotherapy

I am an Occupational Therapist passed out from Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Institute for the Physically Handicapped, Delhi University (Ministry of Social justice and Empowerment, Government of India). My professional Qualification (B. Sc. (Hons. ) Occupational Therapy is recognized by World federation of Occupational Therapy and Validated by Association of Occupational Therapy, Ireland, Department of Health and child. Presently I am associated with the Health care segment of the largest business group in India, Medybiz Private Limited, New Delhi (India) as an Occupational Therapist and Counselor. There was already an inherent desire to enhance the horizon in my career and I was on the lookout for options. In my understanding, your esteemed university provides a suitable ground for me to sharpen my skills by application of previously acquired knowledge during my working days. I was associated with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur child Study center and The Enabling Centre, Department of Child Development, Lady Irwin College (Delhi University, India) as an Occupational Therapist and Counselor from 1st July 2003 to 28th February 2006 where I was responsible for providing Individual as well as Group Therapy to the age group 0-18 years for Children with Special needs. My experience with this age group, and where so in this field has become a basis for applying to your university for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) MSc. After having gone through my profile, I am quite hopeful that you will give enough precedence to my case and offer me the desired course. I am also keen to receive the 30% scholarship, which will help me fulfill my dreams of studying in the UK. With the knowledge gained I would be able to return to my home country and do honours to the field of Occupational Therapy in India.

Persil Company Essay

1. BACKGROUND Henkel is a multinational company founded in Germany in 1876. Henkel is a leading firm with international recognition and is ranked among the Fortune Global 500. The organization produces many leading products and brands such as Persil, Schwarzkopf, Loctite, Pritt, Sellotape and Right Guard. It operates in three business areas: Laundry & Home Care, Cosmetics/Toiletries and Adhesive Technologies. As shown in Figure 1. (see Appendix), Adhesive Technologies represent 48% of total sales, followed by Laundry & Home Care with 29% and Cosmetics/Toiletries at 22%. In 2010, Henkel achieved annual sales of â‚ ¬15,092 million and a net income of â‚ ¬1,143 million. (Henkel 2011) The company operates in over 125 countries, in five continents. Henkel employs over 48,000 staff, 80% based outside of Germany. Figure 2. (see Appendix) shows that most sales are to Growth regions (41%) followed by Western Europe (36%) and then Northern America (18%) (Henkel 2011). Henkel targets both industries and households, aiming some campaigns at organizations such as laundries, hospitals and parlours and others towards households. Henkel states that â€Å"For a large proportion of our cosmetic products, our laundry and home care products and our consumer adhesives, women count among the direct or indirect target user group† (Henkel 2011). Henkel’s strategy consists of three priorities: achieve full business potential, focus more on customers and strengthen the global team. The ultimate purpose of Henkel’s strategy is the further improvement of the company’s competitiveness and to permanently establish a winning culture. (Henkel 2011) Persil is one of Henkel’s leading brands. First introduced in 1907, Persil is renowned as being the first commercially available â€Å"self-activated† laundry detergent. Persil had huge success and captured the majority in the German market share. Nowadays, Henkel sells Persil products in numerous countries; mainly Germany, France, Spain, Mexico, China. Persil has also adopted local names such as LeChat in France, Dixan in Greece, Italy and Cyprus and Wipp in Spain and China. The success of Persil was due to two main factors. Firstly, for being the pioneer in changing the whole detergent market, making itself discernible from the competition. The second, was Persil’s product presentation and packaging, making the European people feel identified. These competitive advantages have brought a large following of loyal customers throughout the different countries Persil is sold in. In this paper we will analyze Henkel’s strategy for the Persil brand and make recommendations. 2. BRANDING STRATEGIES Brand strategies are a very important part of the marketing strategy process. There are three aspects within the idea of brand strategy: brand reach, brand positioning, and brand architecture (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.141). Brand reach is about the geographical and vertical reach of the company. Brand positioning is the act of designing the company’s brand to a distinctive place in the minds of the customers. Brand architecture looks at the structure of the brands in the company and the relationships between those different brands. Brand reach has two different aspects, geographical reach and vertical reach. The geographical reach refers to the scope the brand reaches over an area. Henkel’s redesign of the brand will reach all of the different countries they are selling in. The vertical reach explains the use of the brand throughout the value chain. There are two options regarding the vertical reach of a brand; ingredient branding and processing branding. Ingredient branding explains the use of brand materials throughout the entire value chain. For example, the use of Intel processors in several different computer brands. The opposite is explained by processing brand, where the brand is not seen throughout or even at the end of the production process. An example of this can be seen when purchasing a car. Buyers are aware of the car brand but do not know who produced the airbags. (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.142) Brand positioning is the next aspect of brand strategy, which has three parts to analyze. The brand core is the identity of the company, which is also known as the mission statement. Persil’s brand core is the pioneer of first active-agents in detergents market. The next part in the brand-positioning model is brand benefits. This illustrates what the product brand offers its customers. Persil’s laundry detergents offer the public an easy way to wash clothes and a large range of different products, in turn leading to an improved quality of life. Both of these aspects are integrated within the overall brand personality, which means the traits associated with the brand. Trustworthiness, authenticity, reliability and resilience are examples of traits that fit Persil’s brand personality. Brand image is the impression of a brand’s total personality in the customers mind. The closer the brand image and brand personality are to each other, the more successful a brand is likely to be. This is shown in Figure 3. (see Appendix). (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.143) The relationship to competitors’ brands is also a useful way to analyze brand positioning. There are two different types of positioning in branding, differentiation and similarly positioning. Differentiation is positioning your brand in a remarkably different area than any other brand on the market. Similarity positioning is positioning your brand in a similar area to those already on the market. A product map is used to illustrate similarities are differences. As Persil was the pioneer for active-agent detergents in the laundry detergent market, it used the differentiation approach. Brand architecture is the third and last aspect of the brand strategy. Brand architecture is the structure of all the brands in a company and their inter-relationships within the company. Brand architecture does not look at decisions made for individual brands but more, the structural decisions for the entire brand collection of a company. There are three types of branding strategy when considering brand architecture; single branding strategy, single umbrella branding strategy, and multiple umbrella branding strategy. (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.145) The single branding strategy illustrates a company where each product has its own brand, and is sold under its own brand name rather than under the company brand name. Henkel markets its products, such as Persil, under individual brand names rather than under the Henkel company brand. Single umbrella branding is the opposite of single branding strategy. This is where all products or services are marked under the same brand. Multiple umbrella branding is the mix between both types. Keeping different brand names separate can be challenging for most companies. However, Henkel has so many years of experience in this area that managing this would not be a problem. Persil, for example, is marketed as a separate brand by Henkel and has been a leader in the laundry detergent market for over 100 years. Changing the name of Persil or other Henkel brands should not be an alternative, as it may bring a negative effect to the company. Since Henkel’s customers, are familiar with separate brand names, they may not appreciate a change to new unfamiliar names. 3. PRODUCT MIX In today’s dynamic market environment, organizations constantly need to adapt their products due to rising competitive situations and changing customer needs. The product mix is a helpful term when it comes to maximizing the organization’s potential. This can be defined as the entire range of products supplied by an organization at a given point in time (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.133). There are three main options for expanding an organization’s product mix in order to get the optimal product portfolio. These are product variation, product differentiation and diversification (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.134). Product variations are modifications of the features and characteristics of an already existing product on the market, without changing the core functions of the product (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.134). The variation can be made in many ways but the most common variations are changing the products’ aesthetic properties (e.g. shape, color), physical-functional properties (e.g. quality, material) or symbolic properties (e.g. brand image, brand name). An important point is that product variation is just a matter of changing an already existing product, not creating a new product. Examples of product variations are a new †face lift† design of a car or a new packaging design of a product. Product differentiation is an organization’s process of adding new product variants to an already established product (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.135). This is an opportunity for an organization to create competitive advantages, by distinguishing its product from competitors. An organization can do this by basing the product differentiation on either offering superior products or creating better customer relationships (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.72). In product differentiation the original product still exists, in comparison with product variations when the modified products are no longer available on the market. MasterCard is an example of a product differentiation, due to its various range of payment solutions. Diversification is when an organization integrates products into its product mix that do not have direct connections to already available products in the organization’s product portfolio (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.136). By diversifying, the organization is seeking to increase profitability through greater sales volume acquired from introducing new products in new markets (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.76). A diversification strategy can be very risky for organizations but can also create opportunities with great potential. McDonalds’ introduction of its â€Å"McCafe† concept is an example of a diversification move, which proved very successful. In 1907, when Henkel was in its roots, the organization used a product differentiation approach. It was able to introduce a new unique laundry detergent formula of a self-activating detergent that resulted in being the pioneers of this type of product. Henkel was able to create competitive advantages by implementing its new superior formula on the market and therefore distinguishing its brand from competitors. Another aspect of Henkel’s product differentiation is its great product range. Henkel differentiates itself by being the leading supplier of laundry detergent, offering detergent to a wide customer group. These diverse products target different categories of washing such as: low temperature washing, premium market washing, detergents for allergenic people and environmentally friendly washing. 1962 saw the introduction of a completely new Henkel product in the market called Somet. This product did not focus on washing clothes, but instead on washing dishes. The introduction of this product was very successful and is an example of diversification by the company. Henkel integrated a detergent for washing dishes in its product mix hence, operating in a new market. By doing so, Henkel was able to increase profits through greater sales volume of its products. In recent years, Henkel has changed its product mix approach with an increased focus on product variation techniques. Henkel recognizes the need to modify already existing products in order to survive in today’s dynamic market. This is shown in Henkel’s ability to change their laundry detergent products’ aesthetic packaging properties, which is an example of product variation. Through the years Henkel has changed the design of the detergent packages several times which all proved successful. Henkel realizes the importance of presentation for potential buyers and hence places a lot of emphasis on this area. 4. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES Henkel’s goal is to reassure customers that Persil is still as effective as any other laundry detergent on the market. Henkel embarked upon this strategy by changing its product decisions through product variation, as discussed earlier. The organization developed new ideas for its already established products by redesigning and improving formulations, as well as developing a clearer distinction between their different product groups to attract new customers. Henkel undertook pre-tests to analyze customer responses, redesigned its website and engaged in promotional activities such as the Persil Future Ship which toured 18 German cities, showcasing the new campaign. Henkel also contributed â‚ ¬1,000,000 to the Project Futurino initiative. There are many other options that Henkel could have pursued to enforce its new strategy. Under the heading of product decisions, Henkel could have used product differentiation or diversification, as explained above, to expand the product mix to enforce its new strategy. Henkel has used these methods before and could implement these methods again. Henkel could have also established synergies, reduced the product range or considered areas such as brand management activities. When examining the area of establishing synergies, there are two options that Henkel could have considered; product bundling and product platforms. â€Å"Bundling is when a company sells two or more separate products in combination and sells the bundle at a single price† (Homburg, Keuster and Krohmer, 2009, p.137). This can encourage cross selling and also reduce costs. This may have been a good idea for Persil as many customers may buy more than one of their products. However, as each customer has different needs and preferences, a lot of research would have to be done to discover optimal bundles that suit many consumers. Consumers may also not use the products in equal measures so may still need to buy products individually. Henkel could also have considered establishing product platforms. This is when individual products can be produced using common standardized product components (Homburg, Keuster and Krohmer, 2009, p.137). Although this would save costs for Henkel and may make the Persil products more recognizable, it may make it harder for customers to differentiate between the Persil products themselves. Persil would have to ensure that their products are still clearly distinguishable from each other for this to be successful. As Persil is aiming to develop an even clearer distinction between their different product groups, this may not be a wise strategy for them to take. Product elimination is another area that Henkel could have considered. This would involve removing one of its products from the market. By removing a less popular product it could show customers that Henkel is concerned about standards and only wants to keep its best and most effective products on the market. On the downside, Henkel may lose the customer base that used to use the now eliminated products. Another alternative for Henkel could have been to engage in brand activities. This involves moving into other product groups but under the same brand name. If brand loyalty already exists, which it does in the case of Persil, this can prove to be very successful. â€Å"Brands signal a certain level of quality so that satisfied buyers can easily choose the product or service again† (Kotler et al. 2009, p.428). As Persil has been voted the most trusted brand in its category nine years running by Readers Digest, it is clear Henkel already has brand loyalty and a strong customer relationship. If Henkel had moved into an entirely new market area, different to laundry detergents and home care, it could have captured new market segment. This could have lead to an expansion of the company and potentially increased overall profits. Persil also has many years of experience in the market so would already have a lot of consumer information. This could prove highly successful, as they would have a competitive advantage over new entrants. Henkel could have also looked at areas such as pricing decisions, communication decisions and sales decisions. Another option was to lower prices, redevelop communication methods or come up with new sales decisions such as: new distribution channels or a new advertising campaign to reassure customers of the effectiveness of the Persil brand. Although all these options have advantages and benefit Henkel in different ways, we believe that Henkel’s choice to focus on product variation was the most suitable for its strategy to assure customers that Persil is still as effective as any other laundry detergent on the market. 5. PRODUCT INNOVATION Many products are subject to a life cycle, which is becoming increasingly shorter for a number of product categories. Given this, the development of new and successful products is essential for companies’ long-term survival. First of all, companies need to generate innovative ideas. In general, these ideas come from company-internal sources or external sources. Company-internal sources are information from the R&D department employees, field sales force employees, customer service/service hotline employees, complaint information or suggestions from employees (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.115). Using this source of information, the organization can benefit from more directly available information that takes into account more knowledge of the existing products and resources. On the other hand, sources of information from outside the company could be through customers, competitors, market innovation in other markets, technological developments, findings from trends, market research institutes, business consultants and advertising agencies (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.115). Gathering these information sources, the company can benefit from an â€Å"outside the box† thinking resulting in more creative ideas (company-external information sources tend to be more innovative). In particularly, customers can be a very useful source of information for product innovation. Using creativity methods can also generate new product ideas. These methods can promote and encourage creative thinking by creating synergies, for example in cross-functional project team. Creativity methods can be: brainstorming, brainwriting, or the morphological box (Homburg, Kuester, and Krohmer 2009, p.116). Our recommendation would be to use company-internal sources of information. By doing so, the company can benefit from its large number of employees, that are at the same time are customers. Henkel could also benefit from more direct and cheaper information. Although, to avoid a biased view the company should also hire an expert in this particular field, to get an outside opinion. 6. PERSIL PEN Innovation has always been a main focus for Henkel. In 2007, Persil Megapearls with Anti-Gray formula was named as the â€Å"most successful innovation† in its category and voted among the top 10 most successful innovations of all food categories by Lebensmittel Praxis (Henkel 2011). Henkel works hard to innovate new products to satisfy constantly changing consumer needs. Henkel wants to focus more on the new â€Å"Green movement† that has been present in society for the past decade. According to Henkel’s mission, its aim for each product is to contribute to the sustainable development and combine top performance with human and environment responsibility. To extend on this idea our group has thought of a new innovative product for Henkel. The â€Å"Persil Pen† is a small pen, with concentrated detergent in it that can be used on-the-go to remove stains and spills from fabrics. The Persil Pen will be small enough to fit in someone’s briefcase or purse, for a convenient and quick way to deal with life’s on-the-go accidents. The Persil Pen in the beginning will be targeted mainly to professionals in the work force. The product can be used discreetly in the office to take care of small accidents at lunch or on the way to work in rush hour. The new product for Henkel’s detergent market will bring convenience and reliability to the busy, unpredictable workday. After the Persil Pen has gained market recognition, we plan to expand to different target groups such as students. Another possibility could be to team up with restaurants and have the pen available for use for diners, free of charge. This way they can try out the product and hopefully later purchase it themselves. Our marketing strategy will consist of two ideas. First, we plan to target large companies and hand out the Persil Pen at meetings, offices, trade fairs and conventions. This will get the new product directly into the hands of our target market. Another promotion to get the product out in the market would be to attach a free pen with the new brand labeled detergent in the stores. This will open up the new product to the already existing group of customers that buy Persil detergent. The Persil Pen can be advertised and communicated to the public with a focus on the redesign of the Persil Brand. This new brand strategy of changing all the packaging for their detergent to a new and more modern look, will be the perfect time to introduce Persil Pens. This will spark interest in the current customer base and attract interest in the entire Persil brand, in turn raising market shares. As Henkel originates from Germany, we have chosen Germany as the first market for Persil Pen to be launched in. If the launch is successful we will launch in other countries using the Persil brand name. In the development of this product we think a low price would captivate a larger number of new customers, and make them aware of its existence. The price should not be too low, so that customers do not think that we are selling a low quality product. By the time that a reasonable number or percentage of the target customers are using the new product, the price should be gradually adjusted to a mid-range price, comparable to Persil’s price range. Once the product is launched and sold, variations on the product concept can be made. This will be a unique way to stand out from competitors in the market. â€Å"Tide†, a very well known detergent company, has developed and is producing a product like this in North America. Persil can work to concur the European market for this product. Persil is already a well-established brand in Europe so brand loyalty will already be established. This product illustrates Persil’s goal of facilitating washing for their customers and improving their quality of life. The Persil Pen will eliminate having to wash an entire work shirt with just one stain on it. Not only is this extremely facilitating for users but will also add to Persil’s environmentally friendly campaign. People will not have to waste as much water washing a garment with only a small stain. This new product will increase customer loyalty and in turn increase sales volume for Persil and Henkel. 7.CONCLUSION Henkel is a leading company in three core business areas: Laundry & Home Care, Cosmetics/Toiletries and Adhesive Technologies. Henkel is successfully marketing its products under individual brand names, for example Persil. Persil has a clear view of their brand reach, positioning and architecture. Henkel is constantly expanding its product mix through methods of product variation, product differentiation and diversification. Henkel gathers vital information from both external and internal expertise (Henkel 2011). We believe that Henkel could explore alternative strategies such as brand activities, but that product variation is still the most suitable option for its current strategy. Henkel has always thrived in the area of innovation, for example Persil’s pioneer formula in 1907. We think that the Persil Pen could prove to be a new successful product with great potential. Henkel is performing well despite the downturn in economic conditions worldwide in recent times (Henkel 2011). We are confident of Henkel’s ability to create a strong foundation for the future success of the company. LIST OF REFERENCES Henkel 2011 (accessed October 1, 2011), [available at http://www.henkel.com]. Homburg C., Kuester S. & Krohmer H. (2009), Marketing Management; A Contemporary Perspective. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. Kavaratzis M. & Ashworth G.J. (2005), City branding: An effective Assertion of Identity or a Transitory marketing trick? 96 (5), pp. 506-514. Kotler P., Keller K.L., Brady M., Goodman M. & Hansen T. (2009), Marketing Management. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

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Argument Analysis Paper -Vidal - Essay Example It is not right if a finale is drawn that every person is virtuous since a number of persons constantly commit crimes after the exploitation of these drugs. Nevertheless, individuals suppose that the prevention adverts make them take more pleasure in their life better. A preponderance of American citizens does not have an excellent memory because they lack the capability of remembering things. The congress had an arrangement to eliminate the drugs, but citizens overlooked the rule and commenced with the abuse of drugs. In the preceding year when the government law limiting for the consumption of marijuana was enacted, adolescents took the drugs and demises augmented. The article proposes the decree that the sale of drugs should be affordable to help in the eradication of drugs vice. The American citizens defend the idea to discontinue drug addiction; however there is no enticing amid sin and money. Therefore, the circumstances will be extra intricate. In the article, Gore Vidal is attempting to depict that citizens are will consume and abuse drugs even if they are lawful or unlawful, and trading them for their price and tagging the righteous and dreadful consequences of drugs. This will instigate citizens to be more conscious of the dangers and cause a decline in the exploitation of drugs. The author obviously affirmed that he is protesting against individuals such as Theodore Dalrymple who appear to suppose that if drugs are proposed to be lawful everybody will exploit them. These will then lead to atrocious things occurring. This is a noteworthy case in point for the first section of â€Å"They Say I Say† that says to affirm what argument a writer responds (Chaffee, 455). Theodore Dalrymple appears to employ the message feature of the metaphorical triangle by offering hordes of information, motives and proof in his article. Conversely, Gore Vidal appears to use the

The development of personnel management into human resource management Essay

The development of personnel management into human resource management - Essay Example Personnel management emerged earlier in the days when people used to work in factories. It deals with the welfare of employees in an organization, it seeks to obtain, develop, and sustain motivated and satisfied employees within an organization. Personnel management also deals with the employment, promotion, development, and compensation of employees, as well as acting as an advisor to managers in relation to personnel issues. It is also inclusive of incentive issues such as rewards to motivate employees. Hence, a personnel department mainly deals with the issues concerning employees. Personnel management is therefore involved in four functions, namely, recruitment, selection, training and development and manpower planning. Nevertheless, a personnel manager is a mediator, thus acting as a link between the top management and the employees. He is also an advisor of line managers in matters relating to employees. Therefore, personnel management can be said to be a continuing process tha t is concerned with employees and their welfare in an organization (Reddy 2004, pp 2). According to Koster (2007 pp 4), Human Resource Management emerged in 1980’s; it can be referred to as a new approach to personnel management. It is a process that assists managers in recruiting, selection, training and developing employees.According to Aswathappa (2007, pp 5), â€Å"human resource management refers to a set of programmes, functions and activities designed and carried out in order to maximize both employee as well as organizational effectiveness.† ... Secondly, they both recognize the presence of line managers and they role of managing employees in an organization. Thirdly, they both believe in developing employees so that the employees can achieve satisfaction and hence attain the organization’s goals and objectives. Fourthly, both managements believe in placing the right people for the right jobs. Lastly, the same techniques are used in both HRM and personnel management, when it comes to selection, recruiting, and training (Armstrong, 2006, pp 19). The development of Personnel Management into Human Resource Management is sign posted by a few models and approaches. In this case, some of the models that are involved in human resource management include Michigan, Harvard, and Choice Models. According to Kandula (2004, pp2), the Harvard model is also known as the soft model of human resource management. This model implies that human resource policies can be influenced by situational factors and the stakeholder’s intere st factors. The situational factors include internal and external environmental factors, which include society values, business strategies, market conditions, and technology and labor market conditions. However, the stakeholders’ interest factors include human resource short-term policies like the unions, employees, and government agencies. The Harvard model also classifies human resource management policies into themes; human resource flows, which include the selection, recruitment, placement, promotions, and termination processes; and reward systems, which include the pay and non-monetary rewards such as certificate of excellence. Others are employee influence, which bears the responsibility of each member of staff, and delegation of authority; and the work systems

Barging Power of Buyer in Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barging Power of Buyer in Apple Inc - Essay Example It thus becomes vital for the company to change the prices of the commodities to accommodate the financial condition of the consumers. When they lower these prices, the consumers continue shopping steadily in the company. Purchases product volume is another critical aspect to consider regarding the bargaining power of the consumer. When Apple produces a commodity and it does not have many purchases, it has no option but to follow the prices that the consumers are willing to offer for it (Hill 143). When the company changes or rather adjusts the prices to suit the consumer, it definitely experiences an increase in purchases product volume. Customer loyalty is another integral concept. For Apple to continue sustaining the consumers that it has, it is appropriate and advisable for the company to set appropriate prices. Failure to set appropriate prices would see the customers failing to purchase commodities from the company. This leads to the company obliging to the bargaining power of the customers and lowering the prices. Companies have always worked effectively to see to it that they achieve large profit margins. However, consumers through their bargaining power have countered this

List and describe the seven steps of selling. Give an example of each Essay

List and describe the seven steps of selling. Give an example of each step. CH12 - Essay Example In the case of a school principal, ask the number of uniforms needed, sizes and colors. Overcoming objections involves eliminating all customers’ doubts by answering all questions they have concerning the product. A customer, for example, hiring one of your taxi cars can ask how long the car has been operating, its fuel consumption, any mechanical problems, and whether it is licensed (Silver & Howard, 2006). In this step, the customer makes a commitment and ends up buying the product. Give out your product as you receive the cash (Silver & Howard, 2006). A polite way of doing so would be, for example, asking, â€Å"Will you family be comfortable with the Toyota corolla?† In this step, the seller makes compliments and presents ideas that can lead to additional product sales. Normally, the suggested sales have a relationship with the original purchase (Silver & Howard, 2006). You can, for example, recommend the customer who hires your taxi to fuel it in a nearby filling station where you have shares. For success in business, entrepreneurs should stay in touch with customers even after making the sales. Follow-ups include making phone calls, sending emails, and wishing them happy birthdays. Such actions help retain customers (Silver & Howard,

The Game of Pig Portfolio Essay Example for Free

The Game of Pig Portfolio Essay To play the game you need a regular 6-sided die. Each turn of the game consists of one or more rolls of the die. You keep rolling until you get a 1 or decide to stop. You may choose to stop rolling at any time. If you stop rolling before you get a 1 your score for that turn, your score is the sum of all of the numbers you rolled that turn (e. g. if you roll a 4, 6, 3, and 2 your score is 15 pts. ). But, if you roll a 1 in that turn your turn is over and you receive 0 pts. for that turn. The central problem in the unit is finding strategies for several different probability games. The key ideas were developed in the unit through the presentation of many games and variations of those games to us. The key ideas helped us to solve the central problem by giving us many opportunities to learn how to solve strategies for probability games. In each different game there was a new game or variation in which we could find a new way to find optimal game strategies for probability games. Why I chose each item: Homework 27: The Pig and I: This piece of work begins to explains the basics of what we learned in the unit. Homework 28: Beginning Portfolio Selection: The pig and I: This explains the main points of the unit (Theoretical and experimental probability) and also begins to show the reasons to choose certain pieces of work. Spinner Give and Take: This was chosen because it shows the basics of theoretical probability in great detail. The Game of Little Pig: This was chosen to show the many variations of games we learned to play, and the beginning steps of finding a strategy. POW 7: Make a Game: This was chosen to show how to make a game based off of the basic principles of probability games, it also shows how to make strategies for new games. Homework 7: Portraits of Probabilities: This was chosen as a basic block that began the whole unit and how to show probability in many different models. Homework 9: Rollin’ Rollin’ Rollin’: This was chosen to show the basics of dice probability, a very important section of this unit. Homework 11: Two Dice Sums and Products: This was chosen to show the many types of probabilities in dice probability, it also shows how to find what is most likely to happen. POW #4: A Sticky Gum Problem: This was chosen to show in depth theoretical probability. POW #6: Linear Nim: This was chosen to show in depth experimental probability, as well as strategies to find the best strategies to win probability games. It was also chosen to display my best work. Homework #25: Should I go on? : This was chosen to show how to make decisions in probability games as well as to display some of my better very thorough work. Personal Growth: For me I feel that the core ideas of this unit will make me think twice on my strategies in probability games before playing using them. I learned a lot about probability in this unit; it’s not as simple as I thought. There are many calculations you must learn how to do and there is obviously so much more behind the strategies and probabilities that I am yet to discover, for example, statistics class. Best Strategy: The best strategy is to get to 20 points and end your turn. This should take roughly 5 rolls of the dice seeing as the expected value per roll is 4. Four multiplied by five is 20. You should take 5 rolls because after five rolls the expected value of points begins to go up by smaller and smaller margins.

Wangari Maathai Essay Example for Free

Wangari Maathai Essay Wangari Maathai’s Green Belt Movement has planted over 40 million trees all over Africa. Wangari Maathai was the first African women to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to sustainable development, democracy, and peace and founded of the Green Belt Movement offers a refreshingly unique perspective on the challenges facing Africa. Wangari is loved by the people and she gain respect from them all. She helped and put forth the end to environment degradation. Forest’s need to used more sustainably and the government and individuals can reduce tropical deforestation. Wangari’s Green Belt Movement was the one that bought everyone together so that they can work as a team. Wangari became very important to the people of Kenya, Africa and the international community. There were some issues that Maathai felt strongly about that will affect other’s lives on a daily basis. One of the issues that Maathai is very active on the issue of environmental conservation. Due to her role in the environment and the Green Belt Movement there were more than 20 or 40 million trees that have been planted which lead to other countries to start a tree planting program that help people to care and learn to [plant trees. Women all over the world was helped by the examples that Maathai sets. Maathai has served as an inspiration for many in the fight for democratic rights and has especially encourage women to better their situations. The Green Belt Movement organizes rural women in Kenya to plant trees because some of the people there didn’t really take good care of the trees so they put effort that combats deforestation while they generate income for the community and promoting empowerment for women. Since Maathai founded the GBM over millions of trees have been planted and nearly over 30,000 women have been trained in forestry, food processing, beekeeping, and other sustainable and last is income generating activities. The GBM do have some challenges that they had to face until Maathai stepped in to do what she can do to help Kenya with the GBM and other problems that they have. Lydria Gathii is one of the Green Belt Movement volunteer helper that help the women form groups and show them how to form tree nurseries which do a very good job at helping others. With the poverty that’s going on in Kenya Maathai reducing poverty by opening a Women for change Facility to help young women in Kenya Africa face their sexual and reproductive health problems such as preventing AIDS and HIV. The income that the group of Kenyans have help with the organization by selling their seedlings and being educated about the environment and how to progressively save it. Maathai continuing to reduce poverty in Kenya one day at a time so that they won’t have to worry about anything. After everything that Maathai did for her country she died on September 25, 2011 at the age of 71 after a battle of ovarian cancer all her memories will live on. To use forests in a more sustainable way, humans must make use of quick return woods such as some pines and bamboo. Woodland gardening techniques, reusing wood products and finding wood substitute. Three ways in which governments and individuals can reduce tropical deforestation are supporting Eco- forestry where only the minimal needed trees are cut, recycling papers to reduce the need to cut down trees and using alternative products to wood, such as bamboo, which is a quickly self- replenishing resource with multiple uses. Another thing is to help sustain tropical forests of the world must be united to discourage deforestation and degradation. The effort of slow population growth, decrease/ eliminate world poverty and provide environmentally supportive government that subsidies and reduce the debts owed by the developing countries which place a monetary value on ecological services provided by tropical forests.

Impact of the Acheson Report on Health Policy

Impact of the Acheson Report on Health Policy In what way did the Acheson Report represent a radical approach to health policy? How far did it inform New Labours policy on reducing inequalities in health? Introduction: A government commissioned report on health inequalities led by Sir Donald Acheson has been marked as extremely influential in shaping future UK health policies. The Acheson report highlights the area in which health inequalities could be reduced and provides the direction of health policies promoted by the Department of Health. The report focuses on several areas such as poverty that seems to have disproportionate effect on children. Increased benefit levels have been recommended for women of childbearing age, expectant mothers, young children and older people suggesting mothers on income support tend to have inadequate diets. The report also calls for more funding support to schools in deprived areas, better nutrition and the concept of health-promoting schools. Benefit levels for providing nutritional meals to children should be increased and food should be more affordable for fulfilling nutritional needs of children. The report also focuses on smoking and drinking problems urging for restrictions on smoking in public places, a ban on tobacco advertising and promotion, mass educational initiatives, increases in the price of tobacco and the prescriptions for nicotine replacement therapy. The Acheson report also suggests close links between health and mortality rates. The Acheson report has been instrumental in shaping, directing and implementing several changes in the NHS Health policy. Several studies and research reports have been published on the impact and influence of the Acheson report on changes within health care policy. The Acheson report identified three crucial areas on social gradient and health inequalities and suggested that a high priority should be given to the health of families with children; all policies likely to have an impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequalities; steps should be taken to reduce income inequalities and improve the living standards of poor households. The Acheson Report and UK Health Policies The Acheson Report 1998, an Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health was similar to the Black Report 1980 and can be considered as a Department of Health review of the evidence on inequalities in health in England. The Department of Health has responded to the Acheson report by taking an official course of action. The Department of Health mentions that tackling health inequalities is a top priority for the Government, and is focused on narrowing the health gap between disadvantaged groups, communities and the rest of the country, and on improving health overall. The strategy for addressing this problems is published in, Tackling Health Inequalities: A Programme for Action that lays the foundations for meeting the Governments target to reduce the health gap on infant mortality and life expectancy by 2010.A programme for action include a three-year plan for tackling health inequalities and to help local organisations improve the way services are delivered to disadvantaged groups. The programme for action in response to the Acheson report is based on Supporting families, mothers and children Engaging Communities and Individuals Preventing Illness and providing Effective treatment and Care Addressing the underlying determinants of health The Acheson report suggests that socioeconomic inequalities in health and expectation of life have been found in England for many years and there have been data identifying differences in longevity by ones socioeconomic position. Inequalities of health are measured in terms of mortality, life expectancy or health status and could be categorised by socioeconomic status, ethnic group or gender. The Acheson report suggested that there are differences in the health status of mothers, babies, people of lower socioeconomic status and people who smoke or drink heavily. The report definitely shows that death rates are falling in England and the rates have fallen since 1896. Thus life expectancy seems to have risen in the last few years although healthy life expectancy has not been rising. In fact the proportion of people with long standing illness has risen from 15 percent to 22 percent (Acheson Report, 1998). The Acheson report thus gave new insights on health policies and identified issues that contribute to an increased rate of mortality and possible ill health. It identified several socioeconomic determinants including income distribution and household below average income, education, employment, housing, homelessness, public sector, transport and health related behaviour. Following the report, the Choosing Health White Paper given by the Department of Health sets out the key principles for supporting the public to make healthier and more informed choices in regards to their health. Through the paper, the Government has provided information and practical support to get people motivated and improve emotional well-being and also provide access to services to encourage people to make healthy choices. The government has also drawn up a food and health action plan that focuses on the ways that better health can be achieved through better nutrition at all stages of life and for different gro ups in society, recognising and addressing different needs, particularly those of disadvantaged groups (Choosing Health, DH, 2004). The government has also set up the Health Improvement Plan and a new NHS plan for tackling health inequalities 81% of people in higher socio-economic groups consider themselves to be in good health now, compared with 61% of people in the lowest groups 76% of people in the higher groups expect to be in good health in 10 years’ time, compared to 53% of people in the lowest groups (DH, 2004). Putting forward the NHS improvement plan, the Government reiterated the NHS commitment that the NHS is motivated to prevent disease and improve health in general. The Government policies are focused on the fact that inequalities in health cannot be accepted and the fundamental objective is to create healthier choices for disadvantaged groups. The NHS Improvement plan was laid down in 2004 to not only counter health inequalities but also provide better quality of care to patients and provide safer and more effective treatment. The NHS Improvement Plan set out modernisation and health plans putting patients and service users first through more personalised care; a focus on the whole of health and well-being, not only illness; and further devolution of decision-making to local organisations. (DH, 2004) According to the Government report and Action Plan laid out in then Choosing Health White paper the nutritional priorities were given as follows: increase in the average consumption of a variety of fruit and vegetables increase in the average intake of dietary fibre to 18 grams per day reducing average intake of salt to 6 grams per day reduce average intake of saturated fat maintaining the current trends in reducing average intake of total fat reducing the average intake of added sugar (Choosing Health White paper, 2004) The Government took several steps to ensure that the recommendations of the Acheson report is considered for any further changes within the NHS. Accordingly major steps have been taken to ensure consumer awareness on the consumption of healthy foods and development of good food habits. Reducing the proportion of fat, salt in the diet has been recommended and retailers and caterers have been asked introduce healthier range of foods and offer such foods in convenient stores, centre locations and in remote areas of the city. In a plan to tackle health inequalities, the Government has focused on many plans including – Offer people personal health plans with support from the NHS. Recruit NHS health trainers to provide advice and support for people to develop their personal health plans. Provide services in the areas of highest need. Offer disabled people the option of taking up a health check. (DH, 2004) Considering the Acheson report on the exaggerated problems of health care among pregnant women and children, the government has also provided eligible pregnant women with vouchers that can be exchanged for fresh fruit and vegetables, milk and infant formula through a new scheme called Healthy Start. A Sure Start scheme is also in place for providing training, guidance and support for early years to children. Practitioners encourage changes in parental behaviour and improve the social and emotional development and physical health of children in the early years. Community Parental Support Projects are also in place that involves training of lead workers in 500 communities. ‘Healthy Schools’ programmes are encouraged to target deprived schools including Pupil Referral Units. The Government has promoted the concept of healthy schools by 2006, working towards a healthy school status by 2009. The concept of Healthy schools, Sure Start and the Concept for providing Parental Support as well as providing people with personal health plans are some of the steps that the government has taken to ensure the promotion of health. Some of the objectives of the Action Plan have been given as follows. Following the Acheson report, the government focus has shifted from the one aimed to meet national targets to a different approach that could be given as follows standards are the main driver for continuous improvements in quality; there are fewer national targets; there is greater scope for addressing local priorities; incentives are in place to support the system; and all organisations locally play their part in service modernisation. (Care Standards Planning Framework, 2004). Research Studies We discuss several studies which deal with the Acheson report. Oliver and Nutbeam (2003) point out that health inequalities has been considered seriously for an approach to improve health care and government policies have been developed to explicitly address existing health inequalities that has become an important issue since Labour has returned to power in 1997. The development of health inequalities policies, have been critically examined to assess how such policies could or should be developed. The authors point out that progress in the development of health inequality policies has been made although the progress is less than expected or ideal. Kisely and Jones (1997) have written on the issues of public health ten years after the Acheson report. They point out that the issue of communicable disease control and the role of public health medicine is of considerable concern in the light of outbreaks and NHS reorganisations. The Acheson report seems to have highlighted several issues in this regard. Yet as Kisely and Jones the Reports findings have yet to be fully implemented. The paper calls for a further review of public health function and should include the removal of the specialty from management costs, and the clarification standardisation of the roles of the Director of Public Health (DPH), CPHM and other members of the multi-disciplinary public health team (Kisely and Jones, 1997). Possible organisational implications for a public health approach have also been suggested. Tarlov (1999) has delineated four conceptual frameworks providing the bases for constructing public policy strategies for improving population health and this include: (1) Determinants of population health. (2) Complex systems: (3) An intervention framework for population health improvement. (4) Public policy development process with two phases of public consensus and policy action. The Acheson report can be judged in this context and has provided both a consensus and a policy framework. Conclusion: The research studies and analysis of the Acheson report suggests that the 1998 Acheson report has been extremely influential in shaping Health care policies in the UK and reducing inequalities in health. Bibliography Primary health care in Londonchanges since the Acheson report. BMJ. 1992 Nov 7;305(6862):1130-3. Tarlov AR. Public policy frameworks for improving population health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:281-93. Blane D. Health inequality and public policy: one year on from the Acheson report. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Dec;53(12):748. Williams A. Commentary on the Acheson report. Health Econ. 1999 Jun;8(4):297-9. Barnes R, Scott-Samuel A. The Acheson report: beyond parenthood and apple pie? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Jun;53(6):322-3. Spencer NJ. The Acheson report: challenges for the College. Arch Dis Child. 1999 Jun;80(6):576-8. Better benefits for health: plan to implement the central recommendation of the Acheson report. BMJ. 1999 Mar 13;318(7185):724-7. Acheson D. Inequalities in health. Report on inequalities in health did give priority for steps to be tackled. BMJ. 1998 Dec 12;317(7173):1659. Oliver A, Nutbeam D. Addressing health inequalities in the United Kingdom: a case study. J Public Health Med. 2003 Dec;25(4):281-7. Kisely S, Jones J. Acheson revisited: public health medicine ten years after the Acheson Report. Public Health. 1997 Nov;111(6):361-4. Also see: DH publications: Choosing Health White Paper, DH, 2004 NHS Plan, DH publication 2004 Acheson Report, DH publication, 1998 Inequalities in health, DH publication 1998 NHS Improvement Plan, 2004 www.dh.gov.uk

What employers are looking for in a job applicant? :: essays research papers

What employers are looking for in a job applicant? Finding a job, whether it is the first, a return to work after years at home, or just another step in the career, is never easy. Most job seekers have a distorted sense of an employer’s priorities in making hiring decisions. Too many applicants put the emphasis on educational credentials and ignore the qualities employers seek with the keenest interest. What do employers look for in job candidates? What impresses them the most? Knowing what an employer wants and expects in job applicants can help them to prepare themselves for the interview. Experienced interviewers typically value maturity and stability. The way an applicant relates to the interviewer and the way he handles interview questions, follow-up calls and call-backs presents opportunities for an employer to observe and evaluate these subtle but critically important qualities. They can not be taught and there is no substitute. Loyalty is another very important quality an employer is looking for. Even loyal people switch jobs from time to time. But the people who do that once a year for no compelling reason lack loyalty to the companies that took chance in hiring them. Sure, exceptional circumstances warrant quick job switches, but a pattern of short stints is a dead gateway of a lack of loyalty. Employers simply can not afford to invest valuable training time, resources and compensation on workers who routinely stay less than two years. How an employee grooms and dresses is an excellent indication of his level of self-respect and respect for a professional business environment. Employers are humans, they would rather work with clean, neatly-dressed people than with slobs. Diligence and reliability are the qualities that hardly need explanation. Telltale signs include arriving on time for the interview, calling at the promised time or day, conscientiously following up in providing promised information. Employers need people who demonstrate enthusiasm and energy. They look for people who are willing to take the initiative to perform their job. If an employer feels that he will be constantly telling an employee to do something, he will likely not hire an applicant. Another reason for why an employer let an employee go is because the worker does not get along with others. Creativity is very important to most employers, because in business situations with customers, employees often have to respond to sudden changes and unfamiliar problems.

HUMANITY AND NATURE: THE PERIOD OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Essay

HUMANITY AND NATURE: THE PERIOD OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Human beings and their reaction and response to world events has changed and evolved throughout history. The time period of the Industrial Revolution was no exception. Humans ´ responses to the consequences of the Industrial Revolution accurately depicted humanity and the stage of its evolution at that particular point in history. Humanity spoke out against the injustices they encountered as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Eventually, social theories emerged, that clearly depicted the power of the people to lead the world in the direction they desired. The Industrial Revolution was also a time of evolution in regards to the relationship of humanity with nature. Humanity proved that it no longer needed to depend on nature for its survival. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. The cottage industry consisted of workers purchasing raw materials from merchants and using these materials to produce goods at their own home. The problem with this system was that productivity was extremely low, which made costs higher. This caused an increase in the productsà ­ prices, so goods became exclusive to wealthy citizens. By the 1750à ­s the Industrial Revolution had begun. The Industrial Revolution was directly related to the rise of the factory system.(1) The incentive to invest in factories came from the fact that they were extremely efficient, so there was a great potential for increased profit. Men, women, and children were employed to keep the machines running and the factory system was established to provide the greatest efficiency of material and labor, at the lest expensive cost.(2) Factories provided the oppo... ...ch Engels, "The Communist Manifesto" in Perry M. Rogers Third Edition, Aspects of Western Civilization: Problesm and Sources in History (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997), 149. 16. Pope Leo XIII, "Rerum Novarum (1891)" in Perry M. Rogers Third Edition, Aspects of Western Civilization: Probles and Sources in History (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997), 158. Additional Source - Reeve, Robin. The Industrial Revolution 1750 - 1850. London: University of London Press LTD, 1971. This book is a great source for the study of humans and nature during the period of the Industrial Revolution. In this book the social impact of the Industrial Revolution is approached through an analysis of the labour force in 1851 and then leads into an assessment of family life and living standards during this controversial period. HUMANITY AND NATURE: THE PERIOD OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Essay HUMANITY AND NATURE: THE PERIOD OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Human beings and their reaction and response to world events has changed and evolved throughout history. The time period of the Industrial Revolution was no exception. Humans ´ responses to the consequences of the Industrial Revolution accurately depicted humanity and the stage of its evolution at that particular point in history. Humanity spoke out against the injustices they encountered as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Eventually, social theories emerged, that clearly depicted the power of the people to lead the world in the direction they desired. The Industrial Revolution was also a time of evolution in regards to the relationship of humanity with nature. Humanity proved that it no longer needed to depend on nature for its survival. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. The cottage industry consisted of workers purchasing raw materials from merchants and using these materials to produce goods at their own home. The problem with this system was that productivity was extremely low, which made costs higher. This caused an increase in the productsà ­ prices, so goods became exclusive to wealthy citizens. By the 1750à ­s the Industrial Revolution had begun. The Industrial Revolution was directly related to the rise of the factory system.(1) The incentive to invest in factories came from the fact that they were extremely efficient, so there was a great potential for increased profit. Men, women, and children were employed to keep the machines running and the factory system was established to provide the greatest efficiency of material and labor, at the lest expensive cost.(2) Factories provided the oppo... ...ch Engels, "The Communist Manifesto" in Perry M. Rogers Third Edition, Aspects of Western Civilization: Problesm and Sources in History (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997), 149. 16. Pope Leo XIII, "Rerum Novarum (1891)" in Perry M. Rogers Third Edition, Aspects of Western Civilization: Probles and Sources in History (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997), 158. Additional Source - Reeve, Robin. The Industrial Revolution 1750 - 1850. London: University of London Press LTD, 1971. This book is a great source for the study of humans and nature during the period of the Industrial Revolution. In this book the social impact of the Industrial Revolution is approached through an analysis of the labour force in 1851 and then leads into an assessment of family life and living standards during this controversial period.

Janet Jackson :: Essays Papers

Janet Jackson You know she's a Jackson. And you know she's a singer. Of course, you know the girl can dance. You know she's a leading lady in Hollywood. And maybe you still think of her as a cute little girl with a famous last name and big , bright eyes. Do you think she's what she was yesterday? Better think again. As many of her other fans and followers already know, the only label that fits her is†¦ Janet. Time flies when your having fun and that's the way she wants its. Since the grown Miss Jackson burst upon the music scene in 1986 with Control Selling eight million records and establishing her as a bold, sensual, independent woman, she's been breaking the molds and banishing the stereotypes the world would set for her. She's not just the cute, little girl- actress we loved on "Good Times" and "Different Strokes" or the earnest teen we followed of "Fame." She's not the Jackson family's baby-not any more. Clearly, the only thing you can safely say about her is that she's Janet. And that's saying a lot. Consider that she's already appeared in five television series, made seven albums, and starred in a major motion picture. She's sold over 24 million albums worldwide, achieved five Top Five hits from her 1986 record, Control and a record seven Top Five Hits from the 1989 Rhythm Nation 1814 album, four went to no.#1. She followed that up with a record breaking world tour, a movie and her self-titled album Janet. You might think that a woman with a pedigree and resume as impressive as this would have had a smooth ride all along. Not so. Says Janet, "I went through a great deal of pain from about sixteen to nineteen and a half†¦ Pain that I really wouldn't wish upon anyone." During those years, challenging years for anyone, Janet released two albums, Janet Jackson (1982) and Dream Street (1984). She spent a difficult and lonely year away from her family in New York while appearing in "Fame," and by the time she was nineteen, had been through a divorce after a short-lived marriage to James DeBarge of another somewhat less famous singing family, the DeBarge Family.

Just plain good for us

Benefits Water Is Just plain good for us, but It is thought that It helps flush nasty toxins and waste through our system, Glenn organs Like the liver and kidney an easier time doing their job. Purified water can address water contamination and can ensure safe drinking but our other product- Detect water has the following benefits: Lemon Lemon helps stimulate and regulate the digestive track (which is why it's so helpful with constipation, heartburn and gas), stimulates bile production, and thins out bile, which allows It to flow more freely.Bile is produced by the liver and ends up in the small Intestine to break down lipids (fats) that wave consumed. A medium-sized lemon that weighs about 1 50 g provides the ERDA (recommended dietary allowance) of vitamin C for an adult non-smoker (about MGM). Smokers require about 50% more of this vitamin. Vitamin C stands out in the lemon's composition, only slightly less than orange. Lemons have virtually no proteins or fats and about 8. 23% car bohydrates.However the most interesting components of lemons from a dietary and therapeutic dominant are not its nutrients, but rather Its so called accompanying substances or These are substances that lack any calories , and they are neither vitamins nor mineral salts, so they cannot be qualified as nutrients. Organic acids (between 6 and 8%) among which citric acid is predominant, followed by lesser amounts of malice acid, acetic acid, and formic acid. These acids potential the action of ascorbic acid or vitamin C. And have a significant antiseptic effect.Flavorings, among which whispering and dosing predominate. These are found In the peel and pulp of the lemon. They perform physiological roles: -Antioxidants Protecting the capillaries -Intransigence Terseness: these are the substances that give citrus fruits their unique aroma. They are found primarily in the peel. The most abundant of these is d-limonite with its proven detoxifying and anthropogenic effects. Although the lemon affects the entire body, Its clinical applications derive particularly from Its effect on the blood: – Anta anemic: It Improves Iron absorption. Improves blood fluid, thus preventing thrombosis. DÃ ©butant, facilitating the elimination of toxins from the blood Anemia: Lemons should form a regular part of the diet of anyone suffering from anemia. Although its iron content is very low, it is a very potent anti-anemic since it increases the absorption of iron supplied in other plant-based foods. Excess uric acid: the lemon is highly effective in eliminating uric acid, which Is waste product generated constantly within t he body and must be eliminated In the urine. Excess uric acid Is deposited In the joints causing arthritis and rheumatic pain.It produces nephritis(inflammation) in the kidneys. Kidney stones: lemon treatment is very effective in helping dissolve kidney stones, particularly when these are formed of uric acid salts (rate). Infections: because of their vitamin C a nd photochemical content, lemons improve the body Immune system's ability to resist infections. Lemon use is appropriate for an aromatic Lorene found in the lemon, particularly in the PEEL, has bee shown capable of neutralizing certain carcinogens Cucumber Eating a cucumber is like drinking a glass of water.Bearing in mind that 96% of its eight is water, a 250-g cucumber contains egg of water. However, this does not mean that it is of little nutritional value! Those 10 grams of solid material in a 250-g cucumber are of great biological value and healing power. PROPERTIES AND INDICATIONS: Cucumbers are among the most water-rich foods, and as a result only contain 13 kcal/100 g. Their protein (0. 69%), carbohydrate (1. 96%), And fat (0. 13%) content is very low. They also contain small amounts of provocation A, and vitamins B. C. And E.Their high dietary and therapeutic value resides in their minerals, which are highly alkaline. They contain potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron, as well as various trace elements, most notably sulfur. Helps the body flush out toxins because it contains the organic compound citrine, which is an amino acid that has been shown to help the liver and kidneys filter and get rid of ammonia. Ammonia comes in external forms, but is also a by-product of the proteins our bodies are burning up constantly for energy, and it's quite damaging to our cells.Cucumbers have the following medicinal properties: ALKALINE: They neutralize excess acidic waste produced in the body as a consequence of the consumption of animal-based foods. DÉBUTANT: They facilitate of the elimination of waste substances from the bloodstream through either the urine or the skin. DIURETIC: They increase urine output. LAXATIVE: Given their high water content (0. 8%), They facilitate the movement of the feces through the intestine. Honey The benefits of honey go beyond its great taste.A great natural source of carbohydrates which provide strength and energy to our bodies, honey is known for TTS effectiveness in instantly boosting the performance, endurance and reduce muscle fatigue of athletes. Its natural sugars play an important role in preventing fatigue during exercise. The glucose in honey is absorbed by the body quickly and gives an immediate energy boost, while the fructose is absorbed more slowly providing sustained energy. It is known that honey has also been found to keep levels of blood sugar fairly constant compared to other types of sugar. s a great natural source of carbohydrates which provide strength and energy to our bodies, honey is now for its effectiveness in instantly boosting the performance, endurance and reduce muscle fatigue of athletes. Its natural sugars play an important role in preventing fatigue during exercise. The glucose in honey is absorbed by the body quickly and gives an immediate energy boost, while the fructose is absorbed more slowly providing sustained energy. Honey can be a powerful immune syst em booster. Its antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties can help improve digestive system and help you stay healthy and fight disease 1 .Next time before you go for a workout, take spoon of honey to enable you to go for the extra mile. 2. If you are feeling low and try honey. Spread it on a hot toast or replace the sugar in your tea with it for a refreshing surge of energy. 3. If your kids are finding hard to cope with the physical strain from the buzzing activities at school, prepare them some sandwiches with honey, butter and ham to make sure they have enough energy to sustain through the day. My kids are delighted when they see me prepare warm honey water in their bottles. They couldn't care a bit about the health benefits of honey, but simply love the taste of it!

Notice and Focus: Girl Culture by Lauren Greenfield Essay

†Girl Culture† photo essay by Lauren Greenfield’s was shot inside a department store’s dressing room. It is about a picture of a young lady name Sheena, who seems to me, fitting some cloths while another girl, amber, about her age; probably a close friend is sitting on the floor watching her. The shot was taken candid. It appeared like a shot from a hidden security camera of the store. By the angle of where the picture was taken, I think the camera is located near the mirror where it could take a clear shot on the subject’s full frontal image. Sheena was almost half naked, wearing only jeans and a sando shirt in which she pulls up to her chest as she holds her breast. It really gave me an impression that Amber might be a very close friend for Sheena allowed her to see her that way probably to solicits some opinion. By the look at Sheena’s face, I could tell that see is disappointed about something and by the tight hold on her breast, I think she was discontented of its size. There are few things about this picture that captures my attention. The way Sheena holds her breast, the presence of Amber inside the rooms and the camera itself. With this photograph, one could tell how the thread of fashion’s today affects the mindsets of young girls cultures today. Most of our young ladies today, like Sheena, now always dream for a much larger breast. It shows how they are conditions by society that big breast attracts more. Page 2 With the presence of Amber inside the room it reflects how liberated our teens today. They are now less conservative with their privacy but I think it is just fine, for as long as they really know their friends. The good thing about it is that they know how to solicit suggestions among their peers for no one can really tell how good they look excepts for the peoples that surrounds them. This photo might be reflections of how young girl cultures today but what bothers me is the means this photo had taken. It’s a stolen shot from a dressing room of a public place and if this is true, I found it very alarming. This is a clear violation of privacy of every individual entering that room. It’s very abusive on the part of the owner of that establishment. Girl Culture by Lauren Greenfield February 10–March 27, 2005 Tisch Gallery

How the Prologue in Romeo and Juliet Prepares the Audience for the Play Essay

The prologue to Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ prepares the audience by making a short summary of the play so it gets the audience thinking about what the story is about. The prologue is a sonnet which is a 14 line poem, it is also known as an english, elizabethan sonnet which contains 3 quatrains and a rhyming couplet. A sonnet is usually a love poem and that is exactly what ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is about. The first quatrain of the sonnet is about the feud and conflict between the two families. Both of the families have the same status ‘ both alike in dignity’ but they seem to be holding a ‘grudge’ against each other, we aren’t told what causes the hate within the two houses but it is there and drags the households into fights this is particulaly shown in line 4 ‘where civil blood make civil hands unclean’ the word ‘blood’ is meaning that death and injuries occur due to the feud the families have. ‘Civil’ is meant to mean poliet or fair which is a bit ironic since there isn’t any politeness. The second quatrain is about the lovers, Romeo and Juliet, and their deaths. ‘From forth the fatal loins of these two foes’ this line is saying that the two household enemies have produced a pair of lovers, this is mainly emphasised in the phrase ‘ fatal loins’ this implies that these being in love is deadly and they are also involved with the feud of their parents. It also means that their fate has been decided and that death will be their destiny. The second line ‘A pair of star cross’d lovers take their life† this is implying that the stars which is meaning their destinies, since they believed that stars told their destiny like horoscopes, so being star cross’d lovers means that their destinies are entwined but they are also against each other due to the feud. The last line of the second quatrain ‘doth with their death bury their parents’ strife’ this shows that in order to end the feud the deaths of Romeo and Juliet seem to take affect on their parents. The next quatrain is about both love and hate. The first line ‘The fearful passage of their death-marked love’ this means that all the events that they go through will lead them them to their destinies of death. The second line says that their parents anger is something that isn’t easy to take away but in the next line ‘which but their children’s end, nought could remove’ this means that the only thing they can’t stop is their children’s death and it was caused by their hatred to one another. The last line ‘is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage’ this implies that the events that they have mentioned will now take place on the stage by the actors. The rhyming couplet is the last to lines of the sonnet. ‘The which, if you with patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.’ These two lines are now directed to the audience and that now they are going to show them the play if they are willing to stay. The phrase ‘patient ears attend’ show that because they are on a stage they don’t usually use scenery so you have to listen and use their imagination to help what is happening. In conclusion the prologue to Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ prepare the audience for the play by mentioning the key facts to the play so they know what to expect when that particular event is being performed also it helps to explain the parts of the play which seem to be a mystery like the parents hatred, the audience would not know that the two families are meant to be sharing the same status just that there are two groups who don’t like each other. It also prepares the audience like a warning saying that death will occur in the play as well as love and hatred.

Effect of Temperature on Catalase

Lab Report The effect of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2 Sarah AlShemesi In this experiment we’ll be exploring the effects of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2. We’ll be using five different temperatures to test this. The five different temperatures will be 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 oC. We will use the liver as a source of Catalase. A 1 gram piece of liver will be inserted into a test tube with 2 cm3 of water, then 2 cm3 of H2O2 will be added.The Catalase and H2O2 are expected to react and result in bubbles and a rise in the solution. If the bubbles form and the solution rises quickly then this suggests that the enzymes are working sufficiently and the nearing the optimum temperature. Investigation question: What is the effect of the different temperatures 10 oC, 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC and 90 oC on the reaction between Catalase found in liver and H2O2 and what will be the Catalase’s optimum temperature? Variables: * Independent variable: Temperature in oC Dependant variable: the height of the solution, measured with a ruler in cm. * Controlled variables: mass of liver, volume of water, volume of H2O2, method of pouring H2O2 into the liver/water solution. * The mass of the liver was controlled by measuring the liver pieces after they’ve been cut to ensure that each is 1 gram only. * Volume of water was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. * Volume of H2O2 was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 of it using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. The method of pouring the H2O2 into the liver/water solution was kept consistent by having the same person pour it in every time at the same approximate speed. Materials: * Liver * H2O2 60 cm3 * 1 Ruler ( cm ) * Water 60 cm3 * 12 Test tubes * 2 Tongue * 2 Measuring cylinder 10 cm3 * 2 Droppers * 1 Beaker 100 cm3 * A bowl of ice cubes * 1 Knife * 1 Bunsen Burner * 1 Glass rod * 1 Digital balance * 3 Thermometers ( oC ) Method: 1. Cut t he liver into twenty five pieces using the knife, use the digital balance to ensure that each piece of liver weighs 1 gram only. 2. Place each liver piece in an individual test tube. 3.Use the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to measure 2 cm3 ( this amount of H2O was chosen so that when the H2O2 is added the solution can bubble and rise without spilling out of the test tube ) of H2O and add that amount of water to the test tube containing the piece of liver. 4. Place ice cubes at the bottom of the 100 cm3 beaker till the base of it is completely covered. 5. Place the previously mentioned test tube ( containing the water/liver solution) into the beaker holding it up at the center as you or your partner continue to fill the beaker with ice cubes till the test tube is completely submerged in ice and only the top is not. . Continuously measure the temperature of the solution. 7. When the solution reaches the temperature of 10 oC, remove the test tube from the beaker filled with ice and perform step 8 immediately. 8. Add 2 cm3 of H2O2, wait for the solution to react and for the bubbles to rise and then use your cm ruler to measure the height of the solution after it has risen and note the height down. 9. For the other trials you must heat your solution rather than cool it down. To do so, prepare your liver/water solution with the same dimensions as before. 0. Light up the Bunsen Burner to a soft flame. 11. Use the tongues to hold one test tube over the flame, you must move the test tube continuously to avoid burning or overheating and you must also measure the temperature of the solution continuously till it reaches the desired temperature for that trial; either 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC or 90 oC. 12. When the solution reaches the desired temperature quickly repeat step 8. 13. Repeat the procedure five times for each temperature to produce five trials.Data collected on the effect of Temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2: This Date shows the temperature, the fina l height of the solution in the test tube after it rose and the change in height given that the initial height for all is 1. 4 cm. | Height of solution ( cm  ±0. 1 )| Temperatures ( oC  ± 0. 5 ) | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Trial 4 | Trial 5| Mean of change| | Final height| Change in height| Final height| Change In height| Final height| Change in height| Final Height| Change in Height| Final Height| Change in height| | 10| 2. 1| 0. 7| 2. 3| 0. | 2. 2| 0. 8| 2. 4| 1. 0| 2. 3| 0. 9| 0. 9| 30| 2. 6| 1. 2| 2. 7| 1. 3| 3. 0| 1. 6| 2. 8| 1. 4| 2. 6| 1. 2| 1. 3| 50| 3. 1| 1. 7| 3. 2| 1. 8| 3. 3| 1. 9| 3. 1| 1. 7| 3. 4| 2. 0| 1. 8| 70| 2. 5| 1. 1| 2. 4| 1. 0| 2. 6| 1. 2| 2. 7| 1. 3| 2. 4| 1. 0| 1. 1| 90| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 0. 0| Uncertainties were calculated by finding the lowest unit of the measuring equipment and then dividing it by two. For example the lowest unit of measuring on the thermometer is 1, to calculate the uncertainty: 1 / 2 = 0. 5 So the uncertainty is:  ± 0. However in the case of height, we’re using both ends to measure so we don't divide by two. So since the smallest measuring unit is 0. 1 cm the uncertainty is  ± 0. 1 Table 2 : Standard Deviation of each trial : Temperature ( oC )| StandardDeviation ( cm) of Data| 10| 0. 10. 1| 30| 0. 149| 50| 0. 116| 70| 0. 116| 90| 0. 000| The standard deviation was calculated using a TI-83 GDC. The steps were the following: 1. STAT ; EDIT ; Edit :1 2. Enter the variables ( In this case, the change in height in the different trials of the same temperature ) under L1. . STAT ; CALC ; 1-Var Stats to view the values. 4. Standard deviation is displayed as Sx. The standard deviation will be used on the graph to indicate how much results may deviate from the collected data. I could further process my data using the T-test or the Chi squared test to see whether there is a clear correleational link between temperature and height of the solution of water/liver after it reacts with H2O2. However, I will study this correlational link through the following graph: Temperature of Liver/Water solution ( oC  ± 0. 5)Change in Height of the Liver/Water solution after H2O2 was added. ( ± 0. 1 cm) The trend line is polynomial ( Order : 3 ) so it shows the predicted heights of the liver/water solution after H2O2 is added against the temperatures. Conclusion: Our data shows that the enzymatic activity of Catalase varied depending on temperature. At 10 oC the activity decreased because the Catalase molecules moved slower thus resulting in less collision with the H2O2 molecules. In the temperature 30 o C we find that the activity increases slightly because the molecules are colliding more often.However we notice that at the temperature 50 oC the activity is the highest and has significantly rose above the others. This suggests that at the temperature of 50 oC Catalase is most sufficient; it is the optimum temperature. The trend line’s curve also su pports that since the curve is highest at 50 oC. At 70 oC the activity decreases and the solution rises almost as high as it did at the temperature of 30 oC, this is due to the enzymes denaturing because of the high temperature. At 90 oC we observed no reaction whatsoever because all the enzymes had denatured.Our graph was very similar to the one found in the Pearson Baccalaureate SL Biology book that displayed the effect of temperature on Catalase activity. They both exhibited a steady rise followed by a steep decrease, as the temperatures got higher. My data and graph also clearly suggest that the optimum temperature for Catalase is around 50 oC while an experiment conducted by Arefan Khan concluded that 40 oC is the optimum temperature for Catalase (Effect of Temperature on Catalase Enzyme, pg1).The different results may be because I had large intervals of temperature; I did not test for the effect of 40 oC on Catalase, which is why my results are closer to 50 oC. Evaluation: Err or 1: -Step: cutting the liver Weakness: the liver wasn't frozen and so the cutting was not very accurate. This resulted in us cutting small pieces of liver to complete 1 gm, thus resulting in different surface areas for different trials and temperatures. This may affected the experiment by exposing more Catalase to the H2O2 in some trials than others.Improvement: Make sure the liver is frozen and can be easily cut so that all trials receive liver with roughly the same surface area. Error 2: -Step: Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature. Weakness: the temperature of the solution continued to rise even after heating was stopped. Improvement: Using an electric water bath and setting it to the different desired temperatures to heat the liver and water solution to ensured that temperature is constant. Error 3: -Step: Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature.Weakness: The thermometer’s temperature might have affected the temperature of the solution when it was inserted into it to measure its temperature. For example: the thermometer is at room temperature and is inserted into solution being heated to 70 oC, the solution might haven risen above that, however when the thermometer is inserted, it cools down the solution and gives a temperature of 70 oC. Improvement : Keeping the thermometer inside the solution as it is heating or cooling, however it must be ensured that it does not touch the bottom of the test tube as that may give false temperatures.

Capital Structure and Corporate Performance

The assignment deals with the financial analysis of ratios of Maldives Transport and Contracting Company (MTCC). Maldives Transport and Contracting company is engaged in marine and land transport business and also has a separate division which deals with marine and land constructions. The company was one of the first public sector company which was established. The financial performance of the company is to be analyzed with the help of significant ratios. The major ratios which are to be analyzed for the company are liquidity, profitability and efficiency ratios. The analysis will be containing an insight of the capital structure of the company and stock performance of MTCC. Liquidity ratios are used to measure the liquidity of the company which means whether the business has enough liquid cash to meet the short-term liabilities of the company or not (Higgins 2012). In the liquidity ratio sub-head, the most significant ratios are current ratio, liquid ratio and cash ratio. As per the calculation shown, the current ratio of the company has first declined from 1.34 in 2014 to 1.28 in 2015 and then again increased to 1.34 in 2016. This shows that the company is more than capable of handling the short-term business requirements. If the current ratio of the company is above 1 then it signifies that the company is able to meet with the current short-term expenses of the business which MTCC has as stated above (Ahrendsen and Katchova 2012). An ideal current ratio is however 2:1, which means that the current assets must be twice of current liabilities. The quick ratio of the company shows that the ratio is on an increasing trend from 2014. The ratio increased from 0.96 in 2014 to 1.08 in 2016 as per calculations. This is a favorable result as the higher the quick ratio the more liquidity the business has and ideally quick ratio should be greater than 1. However, the ideal results of a quick ratio vary from industry to industry. The cash ratio of the company has decreased and the ratio suggest the real cash of the company is falling. The ratio however does not take into consideration account receivable and inventory and only considers cash and asset which are close to cash. The profitability ratios of the company measure the overall profitability of the company considering the significant areas such as gross profit, net profit, operating profit and similar other areas (Al Karim and Alam 2013). These ratios depict whether the company is performing well in terms of profitability or not. The gross profit ratio shows that the gross profit of the company first increases from 18.73% in 2014 to 23.84% in 2015 and then again decreases to 22% in 2016. The gross profit for the year 2016 has decreased which the company needs to improve and also analyze why the gross profit of the company fall during 2016. The net profit ratio of the company also shows a fluctuating and a similar result when compared to gross profit ratio. The net profit ratio of the company for the year 2016 show a ratio of 8.80% which is even lesser than the ratio result which was calculated for 2014 which is 10.57%. This is not a favorable sign for the business and therefore the business needs t o improve the same. Net profit ratio is a financial indicator and the company needs to improve the overall net profit of the company (Tugas 2012). The operating profit ratio also depicts a fluctuating result and has a similar result and analysis as gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of the company.   The return on assets and return on equity also show unfavorable results for the company in the year 2016. The return on asset has decreased from 0.9 in 2015 to 0.8 which is shown in 2016. The return on equity also shows a decreasing trend which was 30.22% in 2015 which has reduced to 18.70% in 2016 which is even lesser than the estimate of 2014. The next group of significant ratios which are to be considered are the efficiency ratio of the company. Such type of ratios generally covers all types of asset turnover ratio of the company. The receivable turnover ratio of the company shows how efficiently the company is able to collect the credit allowed on sales by the company. an high account receivable ratio signifies that the company has a strong credit policy and all credit operations are running smoothly. The receivable turnover ratio of the company shows that the ratio has increased in 2016 which is 1.59 and the same was 1.44 in 2015. Therefore, it suggests that there has been improvement in the receivable turnover ratio or collection policy of the company as the case may be. The inventory turnover ratio shows that the ratio has significantly increased in 2016 in comparison with 2015 results. The inventory ratio of the company for the year 2016 is 4.28 which is much more than previous two years results. The higher the inven tory turnover ratio the more favorable for the business as it will then portray a strong sales structure and lesser inventory in stocks (Ehiedu 2014). While lower inventory turnover ratio shows poor sales structure and more inventory capacity at hand of the company which is being unused by the company. The asset turnover ratio of the company also shows that the ratio has increased from the previous years results (Tehrani, Mehragan and Golkani 2012). The asset turnover ratio for the year 2016 is shown at 0.89. Asset turnover ratio measures the capability of the company to generate revenue or sales in comparison to the assets of the company. The next group of ratios is the capital structure ratio which measures the components of the capital structure of the company. The debt ratio of the company shows that the company’s debt ratio has decreased from the result of 2015. The debt ratio for 2015 was 0.61 which has reduced to 0.58 in 2016. From the perspective of risks debt ratios of any company are preferred to be lower as the risk is also low. In this case it can be said that it is favorable for the business of MTCC. The equity ratio shows how much equity capital has the business incorporated in the capital structure of the company. The equity ratio of the company has increased from 2015 which was 0.39 to 0.42 which is shown in 2016. This signifies that the company is now using more of equity in comparison to last year. The gearing ratio of the company shows the total debt which is used by the business in comparison to the equity capital of the business. It is similar to Debt equity ratio however it contains more va riations which can provide different results. The gearing ratio of the company 7.07% in 2016 which is lower than previous year figure as the company has reduced the debts of the company. This shows that the company is payoff the debt capital and incorporating more of equity capital in the capital structure mix of the company (Babalola and Abiola 2013). The debt equity ratio of the company shows that the ratio has reduced from 1.59 in 2015 to 1.40 in 2016 which also shows that the company is reducing the debt capital of the company. With the analysis of the debt equity ratio it is evident that the company is trying to restructure the capital structure of the company and add more of equity capital in the mix. However, the full benefit of the capital structure can be extracted when a certain balance is attained between debt and equity capital funds. The stock performance ratios are related and measures the performance of the company on the basis of valuation of stock or earning per shares or market value of shares (Delen, Kuzey and Uyar 2013). Earning per share is the measure of the company’s profit per share which is earned by the shareholders of the company (Brigham and Houston 2012). The earning per share of the company has fallen sharply from 312.76 in 2015 to 23.076 in 2016 which is a drastic fall. This is a serious concern for the business as if it is not improved than the company’s stock prices and market valuation will repeatedly fall. The dividend payout ratio show that the ratio is much more than previous year’s measure which shows that the company has declared dividend in spite of low Earning per share. Price earning ratio is the measure of the price which the investor pays for $ 1 profit in the company. The price earning ratio of the company has increased from the previous year results. The following recommendations can be offered to the company for improvement in the key financial ratios: Any business which is planning to start or establish itself in the market needs to plan out the financial requirement which the business needs. In other words, there are certain expenses which initially which the business must incur in order to establish the business in the market (Lee, Sameen and Cowling 2015). The two most popular form of business which can be open are partnership form of business and private limited companies. A partnership form of business is a business where two or more parties cooperate together in order to run a business. In case of partnership the liability of the partners may be unlimited or limited as per the agreement in the Partnership deed (Allen and Kraakman 2016). Whereas in a Private Limited Company the shareholders are the owners of the company, however the company is operated by board of directors who are representatives of the shareholders of the company. The liability in a company is limited to the number of shares which is held by the shareholders of the company. Moreover, a company is regarded as a legal person whereas a partnership form of business does not enjoy such a right 9Burns 2016). Both the above forms of businesses require initial capital to start up the business and also long-term finances for smooth operation of the business. In case of partnership form of business, the various options of financing which are available are: Personal Savings: In a partnership form of business personal savings is an important source of finance. The partners of the firm contribute to the total capital of the firm and operates in a similar fashion whenever there is additional requirement of funds (Gbandi and Amissah 2014). In case of a startup partnership business, generally individuals resort to capital contributions which will be made by the partners of the firm to meet the start up cost of the business instead of taking a loan from banks. The amount which is contributed by the partners are the basis on which the profit which is earned by the firm is distributed among the partners unless otherwise agreed upon. Retained profits: The profits which are earned by the firm are reinvested in the business in many cases which is then used as reserves or retained earnings. However. such type of financing cannot be done in the initial years of the business but for long term financing purpose of the business (Fairfield and Jorratt De Luis 2016). This is the most productive type of financing as it does not create a burden on the business as in the case of debts and also the partners are not bringing in any capital into the business. Short term /Long term Bank loans: This is another mostly used source for financing of capital for the business. The partnership can take a loan as per the requirement of the business that is it can be short term as well as long term in nature. This source of financing can be used by the business at initial stages of the business and also in the pursuance of the long-term business objectives of the firm (Shin 2012). The financing which is done through bank loans can meet both the objectives which can be start up financing as well as long-term financing of the business. Additional Partner’s Capital: In many situation, there has been cases where the firm is requiring additional capital and the firm does not want to take a loan from banks then they use this technique. Whenever there is an admission of a new partner in the partnership firm, the individual brings in his share of capital for the purpose of investing in the firm and also determining the profit ratio which he is going to get. The additional capital which is brought by the new partners is used for financing purpose of projects and operation of the business. This type of financing is rarely used by firms as admission of a new partner means that the profit sharing ratio diminishes. However, it is commonly seen that a partnership business applies such techniques when a partner retires from a business so as to meet the capital requirements of the business. In case of a company form of business the most common sources of financing for a business are discussed below: Issue of Shares: The most important sources of financing for a business is through issue of shares which can be equity shares or preference share as per the requirement of the business. The company has the ability to issue shares in order to collect small amount of capital per share from potential investors (Engel and Stiebale 2014). The share capital as collected by the business is used in financing the projects of the company. Such sources of financing are useful in start up business as well as financing for the long-term business objectives. In addition to this, financing with share capital is a reliable source of financing for the business (Bobinaite and Tarvydas 2014). Bank Loan: This is another option which is available to the company which can be used for financing of the business. The company can take long- term as well as short term loans from banks for day to day operation of the business. However, lumpsum amount for loans as required by the company is not always available and the bank requires certain securities on the basis of which the bank will be allowing the loan to the company (Robb and Robinson 2014). In the startup phases of the business, company generally do not get any loan from the banks unless they provide ample amount of securities against the loan amount. Debentures: Another source of financing of the business is by issuing debentures for collecting capital. The capital which is collected with the issuance of debentures forms a part of the debt capital of the business. The capital which is collect by the use of debentures can also be used to finance projects and it can issued for collecting funds for start-up cost and also for long-term financial requirements of the business (Buigut et al. 2013). Retained Earnings. The company form of business also employs the concept of retained earnings. The company retains a part of the profit which is earned by the company during previous year and the business reinvest the profits in the business again (Serrasqueiro and Nunes 2012). The retain earnings method which is used by the business is known as plough back of profits in the business. Moreover, such method is advantageous to the company as it increases the internal strength of the company and makes the company financially strong. The retained earnings of the business depend on the amount of profit which was earned by the business in previous year. Moreover, the business cannot use such type of capital in start up financing of the business and has to resort to other means of sourcing of finance. Preference Share Source of Financing This refers to the funds which are raised by the business by issuing shares which are also known as equity (Elsas,   Flannery and Garfinkel 2014). Tis refers to the capital which is taken from a bank or financial institution This type of capital is similarly raised as equity sources of capital but such shares have rights of their own and are different from equity sources of capital (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). This is regarded as own capital of the business This is regarded as borrowed capital of the business or also known as loan capital of the business. This also forms a part of the own capital of the business (Abdulsaleh and Worthington 2013). The risks which are associated with equity shares is high as equity shares are generally risky in nature (Bekaert and Harvey 2017). The risks which is associated with debts are low and debt capital are considered less risker than equity sources of capital. This type of shares are not as risky as equity shares but has certain risk factor. The return which is generated by equity share capital is in the form of dividends and such dividends depends on the profit which is earned by the company and also on the decision of the management. If the company is not earning profits than the company will not be paying any dividend. The return which is related to debt capital is interest which is fixed and regular in nature and generally depends on the agreement of debts of the business The return which is generated by such sources are fixed unlike equity sources of capital and they are need to be paid even if the company is earning losses. 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